Ernst Ludwig Taschenberg (10 January 1818 in Naumburg (Saale)–19 January 1898, Halle) was a German entomologist.
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After 1836 Taschenberg studied mathematics and natural sciences in Leipzig and Berlin.He went, then, as an auxiliary teacher to the Franckesche Stiftungen and dedicated himself to arranging the important beetle collection of professor Germar and with the curation and study of the insect collection of the zoological museum particularly the entomology collections.
He worked as a teacher in Seesen for two years and then in five Zahna for five years but in 1856 he became “Inspektor“ at the zoological museum in Halle and in 1871 he was appointed extraordinary professor. His insect studies were mainly applied to agriculture, horticulture and silviculture and he is an important figure in the history of Economic entomology.He also described new insect species in several orders.His son Ernst Otto Wilhelm Taschenberg was also an entomologist specialising in Hymenoptera.
He also worked on the insects for Alfred Brehm's Tierleben (2. Aufl. 1877) and on zoological and entomological posters for school use.
Taschenberg's faunistic collection of Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera from Sachsen-Anhalt is in the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg.